Two questions still open

In my last post I addressed two questions:

1) What does it take to become a bank, being allowed to create money and thus gain interest on this new money?
2) Why do governments not create money into existence by spending it, but rather lend it from central banks and pay interest on in?

Today I am 230 pages further down the road thanks to a great reading suggestion by Ulrich:

Bernstein provides us with a great piece of education and I think for the first time I really understand the Fractional Reserve System. On page 36 he comes close to question 2: "But our Government is legally and morally prohibited from financing its expenditures by printing the money to do it. The Government is in the same boat as the rest of us - it has to has to finance its expenditures by obtaining money from somebody else. This it normally does by levying taxation on us or by borrowing the money from us. But the important point is that the Government cannot spend money indefinitely without replenishing its bank account. [...] Where then can we look for the source of money? Indeed, to the banks themselves!"

Bernstein describes the monetary system of the USA very well. While reading his booklet, written in the 60ies but not outdated at all, you will learn a lot about the FED, its members, money creation, the gold standard, exchange rates. Being written in the 60ies, some eye-openers might surprise you, as the perspective is of course different then ours.
Gold is traded at 35 bucks an ounce, a USD is worth 4 Deutsch Marks or 5 French Francs. This is 45 years in the past - hopefully we will live another 45 years. What will be the exchange factors by then? Thought provoking ....

Still my questions did remain open. Why is a limited number of banks allowed to profit from creating money? Why does the government not keep this rights to itself? Or at least, shouldn't we all have the same rights?
I showed some own initiative. Knowing that the banks create the money, I took a look at the FED of New York, one of the 12 members of the Federal Reserve System of the US. (to be continued ...)